Table 1 Preoperative and perioperative risk variables associated with KDIGO stages 1-3
From: Validating a scoring tool to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery
Risk factors (Total n = 2316) | No AKI (N = 1980) | KDIGO stage 1 (N = 142) | KDIGO stage 2 (N = 60) | KDIGO stage 3 (N = 134) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative continuous | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Age (years) | 66.75 (11.01) | 69.40* (10.96) | 70.27 (10.30) | 69.81* (12.43) | |
BMI | 29.74 (7.97) | 30.98 (5.87) | 30.54 (5.61) | 30.23 (5.35) | |
Preoperative creatinine (μmol/L) | 95.48 (32.16) | 101.25 (36.40) | 95.28 (20.19) | 152.07 (121.10)*,&,# | |
Preoperative categorical | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | p-value |
Gender | 0.9 | ||||
Female (n = 585) | 494 (24.9%) | 39 (27.5%) | 17 (28.3%) | 35 (26.1%) | |
Male (n = 1731) | 1486 (75.1%) | 103 (72.5%) | 43 (71.7%) | 99 (73.9%) | |
Preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump | 0.02 | ||||
Yes (n = 27) | 18 (0.9%) | 3 (2.1%) | 1 (1.7%) | 5 (3.7%) | |
No (n = 2289) | 1962 (99.1%) | 139 (97.9%) | 59 (98.3%) | 129 (96.3%) | |
Congestive heart failure | <0.001 | ||||
Yes (n = 256) | 177 (8.9%) | 23 (16.2%) | 15 (25%) | 41 (30.6%) | |
No (n = 2060) | 1803 (91.1%) | 119 (83.8%) | 45 (75%) | 93 (69.4%) | |
Ejection fraction <35% | 0.8 | ||||
Yes (n = 224) | 197 (9.9%) | 11 (7.7%) | 5 (8.3%) | 11 (8.2%) | |
sNo (n = 2092) | 1783 (90.1%) | 131 (92.3%) | 55 (91.7%) | 123 (91.8%) | |
Type of surgery | <0.001 | ||||
CABG only (n = 1509) | 1344 (67.9%) | 77 (54.2%) | 25 (41.7%) | 63 (47.0%) | |
Valve only (n = 251) | 220 (11.1%) | 11 (7.7%) | 8 (13.3%) | 12 (9.0%) | |
CABG + valve (n = 468) | 341 (17.2%) | 48 (33.8%) | 24 (40.0%) | 55 (41.0%) | |
Other cardiac surgery(n = 88) | 75 (3.8%) | 6 (4.2%) | 3 (5.0%) | 4 (3.0%) | |
Previous cardiac surgery | <0.001 | ||||
Yes (n = 178) | 131 (6.6%) | 21 (14.8%) | 8 (13.3%) | 18 (13.4%) | |
No (n = 2138) | 1849 (93.4%) | 121 (85.2%) | 52 (86.7%) | 116 (86.6%) | |
Diabetes mellitus^ | 0.01 | ||||
Type 1 (n = 22) | 18 (0.9%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0 | 2 (1.5%) | |
Type 2 (n = 698) | 569 (28.7%) | 50 (35.2%) | 28 (46.7%) | 51 (38.1%) | |
None (n = 1596) | 1393 (70.4%) | 90 (63.4%) | 32 (53.3%) | 81 (60.4%) | |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0.2 | ||||
Yes (n = 114) | 90 (4.5%) | 10 (7.0%) | 4 (6.7%) | 10 (7.5%) | |
No (n = 2202) | 1890 (95.5%) | 132 (93.0%) | 56 (93.3%) | 124 (92.5%) | |
Total | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | |
Perioperative continuous | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (entry to exit minutes) | 279.79 (73.91) | 314.45* (93.31) | 316.45* (92.60) | 340.02*,& (109.14) | |
Clamp time (minutes) | 94.77 (36.63) | 111.87* (40.65) | 114.72* (48.14) | 126.36*,& (55.70) | |
Pump time (minutes) | 112.55 (47.95) | 135.55* (51.30) | 141.98* (66.01) | 162.98*,& (78.01) | |
Number of bypass grafts | 5.53 (1.87) | 5.44 (2.07) | 5.25 (2.49) | 5.35 (2.21) |