Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients with CKD 3 and 4

Previous medical history, n (%)

 High blood pressure (HBP)

  Slight HBP

81

(65.9)

75

(58.6)

156

(62.2)

0.606

  Moderate HBP

20

(16.3)

23

(18.0)

43

(17.1)

  Severe HBP

3

(2.4)

5

(3.9)

8

(3.2)

  Without HBP

19

(15.4)

25

(19.5)

44

(17.5)

 Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

29

(23.6)

31

(24.2)

60

(23.9)

0.905

 Hypothyroidism, n (%)

34

(27.6)

41

(32.0)

75

(29.9)

0.377

 Stroke, n (%)

10

(8.1)

12

(9.4)

22

(8.8)

0.742

 Smoking, n (%)

33

(26.8)

35

(27.3)

68

(27.1)

0.927

 Anemia, n (%)

–

–

4

(3.1)

4

(1.6)

–

 Sedentary lifestyle, n (%)

64

(52.0)

72

(56.3)

136

(54.2)

0.417

 Alcohol consumption^b, n (%)

8

(6.5)

6

(4.7)

14

(5.6)

0.541

 Glomerular filtration rate, ml/min, median (IQR)

44

(37–49)

39.5

(31–48)

42

(34–48)

0.028

  Stage 3 chronic kidney disease, n (%)

110

(89.4)

107

(83.6)

217

(86.5)

0.177

  Stage 4 chronic kidney disease, n (%)

13

(10.6)

21

(16.4)

34

(13.5)

Cause of kidney disease, n (%)

  Diabetes

21

(17.1)

27

(21.1)

48

(19.1)

0.750

  HBP

89

(72.4)

81

(63.3)

170

(67.7)

  Glomerulonephritis

1

(0.8)

4

(3.1)

5

(2.0)

  Obstructive condition

6

(4.9)

10

(7.8)

16

(6.4)

  Unknown

6

(4.9)

6

(4.7)

12

(4.8)

 Body mass index, kg/mt², median (IQR)^a

24

(23–27)

25

(22–27)

25

(23–27)

0.908

  Normal

58

(47.5)

60

(49.2)

118

(48.4)

0.726

  Overweight

53

(43.4)

48

(39.3)

101

(41.4)

  Obese

11

(9.0)

14

(11.5)

25

(10.2)