Table 2 Features that may influence the performance of automated AKI alerts based on the KDIGO AKI criteria

Serum creatinine

Calibration of measure according to IDMS standard

Optimal measurement using enzymatic assay [15]

Comparison across laboratories or measurement techniques [16]

Relevancy of e-alert systems using estimated baseline creatinine

If previous creatinine available, chosen definition of baseline creatinine

Management of outliers measures

Significance of small changes in serum creatinine in patients with low weight/body surface or with pre-existing CKD

Performance of e-alert system in unselected population of patients.

Management of multiple alert in a same patient

Influence of fluid balance/dilution [17].

Urine output

Difference in measurement according to setting (ICU vs. Ward, Specificity of paediatric units, rate of Foley catheter use).

Management of missing data

Errors in reading [8]

Errors related to manual entry of urinary output

Differences related to measurement (hourly vs. by shift vs. daily)

Recognition of the lack of specificity of oliguria [18–20]

Cross-tabulation between serum creatinine and UO