Table 1 Short physical performance battery scoring [7]

Chair stand test

The time taken for the participant to rise from sitting in a chair 5 times is measured. The test is completed without using hands on the chair or other tools to help the participant stand.

0

Unable or >60s

4 points

1

≥16.70s

2

13.70–16.69 s

3

11.20–13.69 s

4

≤11.19 s

Balance tests

Side by Side: the participant is asked to stand with both feet side by side and the time is measured.

0

Unable or <10s

4 points

1

≥10s

Semi-Tandem: the participant is asked to stand with one foot slightly more in front of the other and the time is measured.

0

Unable or <10s

1

≥10s

Tandem: the participant is asked to stand with one foot in front of the other and the time is measured

0

Unable or <3 s

1

3.00–9.99 s

2

≥10s

4 m gait speed test

The time taken for the participant to walk 4 m is measured twice. The average time of the two trials is used to calculate score. Use of a mobility aid in the test was recorded.

0

Unable to Complete

4 points

1

>8.70s

2

6.21–8.70s

3

4.82–6.20s

4

<4.82 s