Table 3 Associations between participant characteristics and ERI by univariate multinomial logistic regression

Women (Reference men)

−0.83

−2.19 to 0.53

0.2

Non-Caucasians (Reference Caucasians)

0.76

−1.08 to 2.61

0.4

Diabetes mellitus (Reference non-diabetics)

0.85

−0.68 to 2.38

0.3

Cause of kidney disease

Diabetes

Reference

Glomerulonephritis

−1.16

−3.19 to 0.87

0.3

Analgesic nephropathy

NR

NR

NR

Polycystic kidney disease

−0.47

−3.46 to 2.52

0.8

Reflux nephropathy

−0.47

−3.46 to 2.52

0.8

Renovascular disease

NR

NR

NR

Others

−0.29

−1.92 to 1.34

0.7

Smoking status

Never

Reference

Former

0.47

−0.98 to 1.92

0.5

Current

−1.10

−3.54 to 1.35

0.4

Body mass index category

Healthy weight

Reference

Overweight

1.28

−0.48 to 3.05

0.2

Obese

−0.51

−2.20 to 1.18

0.6

Ischemic heart disease

−0.28

−1.78 to 1.20

0.7

Congestive heart failure

−1.40

−3.26 to 0.46

0.1

Age

0.03

−0.01 to 0.08

0.2

Reticulocyte count

−0.01

−0.03 to 0.02

0.5

Total white cell count

0.03

−0.33 to 0.40

0.9

Ferritin^a

0.01

−0.09 to 0.11

0.8

Transferrin saturation^b

0.05

−2.29 to 2.39

0.9

Albumin

0.06

−0.09 to 0.21

0.4

Alkaline phosphatase^c

44.01

7.63 to 80.40

0.02

Gamma-glutamyltransferase^b

−0.65

−1.60 to 0.30

0.2

Alanine transaminase^c

−7.42

−16.80 to 1.96

0.1

Aspartate transaminase^c

−8.50

−20.62 to 3.62

0.2

Lactate dehydrogenase^b

−2.18

−5.06 to 0.69

0.1

Albumin-corrected calcium

3.46

−0.60 to 7.51

0.09

Phosphate

−0.01

−1.31 to 1.29

0.9

Parathyroid hormone^a

−0.25

−0.55 to 0.05

0.1

C-reactive protein

−0.03

−0.08 to 0.01

0.2

Total F2-isoprostanes^b

0.36

−0.69 to 1.42

0.5

Glutathione peroxidise activity^d

NR

NR

NR

Superoxide dismutase activity^e

1.49

−1.91 to 4.90

0.4

Protein carbonyls^e

0.24

−1.26 to 1.74

0.8