|
n
|
18
|
18
|
17
| |
|
ERI (IU/kg/wk/gHb)
|
1.4 ± 0.3
|
2.3 ± 0.2
|
3.5 ± 0.8
|
<0.001
|
|
ESA dose (IU/kg/wk)a
|
153 ± 37
|
233 ± 25
|
362 ± 79
|
<0.001
|
|
Type of ESA
| | | |
0.8
|
|
Erythropoietin
|
11 (61 %)
|
12 (67 %)
|
12 (71 %)
| |
|
Darbepoetin
|
7 (39 %)
|
6 (33 %)
|
5 (29 %)
| |
|
Hemoglobin (g/L)
|
111 ± 8
|
102 ± 13
|
105 ± 10
|
0.05
|
|
Men
|
10 (56 %)
|
8 (44 %)
|
6 (35 %)
|
0.5
|
|
Age (years)
|
67.7 ± 13
|
58.4 ± 17.6
|
60.5 ± 15.5
|
0.2
|
|
Ethnicity
| | | |
0.4
|
|
Caucasian
|
14 (78 %)
|
14 (78 %)
|
15 (88 %)
| |
|
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
|
0
|
1 (6 %)
|
0
| |
|
Maori/Pacific Islander
|
0
|
1 (6 %)
|
0
| |
|
Asian
|
3 (17 %)
|
2 (11 %)
|
0
| |
|
Other
|
1 (6 %)
|
0
|
2 (12 %)
| |
|
Cause of kidney disease
b
| | | |
0.9
|
|
Diabetes
|
8 (44 %)
|
8 (47 %)
|
5 (29 %)
| |
|
Glomerulonephritis
|
2 (11 %)
|
1 (6 %)
|
4 (24 %)
| |
|
Analgesic nephropathy
|
0
|
1 (6 %)
|
0
| |
|
Polycystic kidney disease
|
1 (6 %)
|
1 (6 %)
|
1 (6 %)
| |
|
Reflux nephropathy
|
1 (6 %)
|
1 (6 %)
|
1 (6 %)
| |
|
Renovascular disease
|
0
|
1 (6 %)
|
1 (6 %)
| |
|
Others
|
6 (33)
|
4 (24 %)
|
5 (29 %)
| |
|
Type of dialysis
b
| | | |
0.4
|
|
Hemodialysis
|
17 (94 %)
|
16 (94 %)
|
17 (100 %)
| |
|
Peritoneal dialysis
|
1 (6 %)
|
0
|
0
| |
|
Pre-dialysis
|
0
|
1 (6 %)
|
0
| |
|
Diabetes mellitusc
|
10 (67 %)
|
9 (82 %)
|
6 (46 %)
|
0.2
|
|
Ischemic heart diseasec
|
7 (47 %)
|
4 (36 %)
|
7 (54 %)
|
0.7
|
|
Congestive heart failurec
|
2 (13 %)
|
1 (9 %)
|
5 (38 %)
|
0.1
|
|
Cerebrovascular diseasec
|
1 (7 %)
|
0
|
3 (23 %)
|
0.2
|
|
Peripheral vascular diseasec
|
2 (13 %)
|
4 (36 %)
|
4 (31 %)
|
0.4
|
|
Smoking status
b
| | | |
0.3
|
|
Never
|
9 (50 %)
|
5 (29 %)
|
9 (53 %)
| |
|
Former
|
8 (44 %)
|
11 (65 %)
|
5 (29 %)
| |
|
Current
|
1 (6 %)
|
1 (6 %)
|
3 (18 %)
| |
|
Body mass index (kg/m2)
|
28.6 ± 4.8
|
30.4 ± 7.4
|
29.2 ± 7.6
|
0.7
|
|
Body mass index category
| | | |
0.3
|
|
Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2)
|
0
|
0
|
0
| |
|
Healthy weight (18.5 – 24.9 kg/m2)
|
5 (28 %)
|
4 (22 %)
|
6 (35 %)
| |
|
Overweight (25 – 29.9 kg/m2)
|
9 (50 %)
|
6 (33 %)
|
3 (18 %)
| |
|
Obese (>30 kg/m2)
|
4 (22 %)
|
8 (44 %)
|
8 (47 %)
| |
|
Hematocrit (%)
|
34 ± 3
|
32 ± 5
|
32 ± 3
|
0.7
|
|
Mean cellular volume (fL)
|
94.4 ± 7.8
|
95.3 ± 6.6
|
94.3 ± 5.9
|
0.9
|
|
Reticulocyte count (109/L)
|
57 ± 21
|
74 ± 38
|
64 ± 31
|
0.3
|
|
Total white cell count (x 109 per L)
|
6.8 ± 2
|
6.4 ± 2.1
|
6.6 ± 1.5
|
0.9
|
|
Platelet count (x 109 per L)d
|
207 [164, 286]
|
188 [167, 207]
|
197 [164, 274]
|
0.8
|
|
Ferritin (μg/L)d
|
413 [241, 958]
|
527 [298, 647]
|
487 [315, 594]
|
0.9
|
|
Transferrin saturation (%)d
|
26 [20, 30]
|
22 [17, 30]
|
23 [22, 29]
|
0.6
|
|
Serum bicarbonate (mmol/L)
|
23.3 ± 4
|
22.6 ± 3
|
23.6 ± 3
|
0.6
|
|
Albumin (g/L)
|
36 ± 4
|
35 ± 4
|
35 ± 5
|
0.7
|
|
Serum alkaline phosphatase (U/L)d
|
89 [64, 121]
|
99 [76, 134]
|
148 [87, 175]
|
0.054
|
|
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (U/L)d
|
23 [16, 40]
|
25 [17, 60]
|
32 [21, 57]
|
0.4
|
|
Alanine transaminase (U/L)d
|
16 [11, 19]
|
15 [9, 22]
|
10 [8, 19]
|
0.2
|
|
Aspartate transaminase (U/L)d
|
18 [13, 22]
|
17 [12, 23]
|
14 [10, 17]
|
0.3
|
|
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L)
|
224 ± 57
|
224 ± 85
|
265 ± 63
|
0.2
|
|
Albumin-corrected calcium (mmol/L)
|
2.3 ± 0.2
|
2.3 ± 0.1
|
2.2 ± 0.2
|
0.2
|
|
Phosphate (mmol/L)e
|
1.7 ± 0.5
|
1.7 ± 0.5
|
1.7 ± 0.5
|
0.9
|
|
Parathyroid hormone (pmol/L)d,f
|
17 [9, 35]
|
33 [17, 42]
|
32 [16, 65]
|
0.2
|
|
C-reactive protein (mg/L)
|
3 [2, 21]
|
12 [4, 28]
|
15 [7, 31]
|
0.06
|
|
Oxidative stress substudy
| | | | |
|
n
|
14
|
13
|
14
| |
|
Total F2-isoprostanes (pg/mL)d
|
133 [87, 213]
|
143 [128, 200]
|
112 [67, 173]
|
0.3
|
|
Glutathione peroxidise activity (U/L)
|
177 (13)
|
181 (10)
|
174 (14)
|
0.4
|
|
Superoxide dismutase activity (U/mL)d,f
|
1.97 [1.41, 2.6]
|
2.01 [1.32, 2.44]
|
2.22 [1.71, 2.71]
|
0.7
|
|
Protein carbonyls (nmol/mg)d
|
0.56 [0.46, 0.6]
|
0.55 [0.46, 0.74]
|
0.55 [0.51, 0.69]
|
0.9
|
