From: A population-based study of prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in León, Nicaragua
<60 eGFR § N (%) † | ≥60 eGFR N (%) † | Unadjusted POR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted POR (95% CI)* | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
Female | 77 (37) | 1247 (60) | referent | -- | referent | |
Male | 131 (63) | 820 (40) | 2.59 (1.93, 3.47) | <.0001 | 3.47 (2.50, 4.80) | <.0001 |
Age (categorical) | ||||||
18-29 | 9 (4) | 539 (26) | Referent | referent | ||
30-39 | 28 (13) | 700 (34) | 2.39 (1.12, 5.11) | 0.0242 | 2.10 (0.98, 4.51) | 0.0567 |
40-49 | 40 (19) | 409 (20) | 5.85 (2.81, 12.20) | <.0001 | 5.10 (2.43, 10.72) | <.0001 |
50-59 | 68 (33) | 271 (13) | 15.02 (7.38, 30.55) | <.0001 | 11.96 (5.79, 24.71) | <.0001 |
60-70 | 63 (30) | 148 (7) | 25.48 (12.38, 52.42) | <.0001 | 23.3 (11.12, 48.83) | <.0001 |
Geographic Zone | ||||||
Urban | 97 (47) | 1348 (65) | referent | referent | ||
Rural | 111 (53) | 719 (35) | 2.15 (1.61, 2.86) | <.0001 | 2.10 (1.53, 2.89) | <.0001 |
Neighborhood | ||||||
Mantica | 39 (19) | 575 (28) | referent | |||
Perla | 80 (38) | 812 (39) | 1.45 (0.98, 2.16) | 0.0656 | 1.67 (1.09, 2.56) | 0.0194 |
Sutiava | 89 (43) | 679 (33) | 1.93 (1.31, 2.86) | 0.001 | 1.95 (1.27, 2.97) | 0.0021 |
Self-reported diabetes | ||||||
No | 183 (88) | 1989 (96) | referent | referent | ||
Yes | 25 (12) | 78 (4) | 3.48 (2.17, 5.60) | <.0001 | 1.37 (0.81, 2.34) | 0.2425 |
Self-reported high blood pressure | ||||||
No | 145 (70) | 1826 (88) | referent | referent | ||
Yes | 63 (30) | 241 (12) | 3.29 (2.38, 4.56) | <.0001 | 2.07 (1.43, 3.02) | 0.0001 |
Education | ||||||
University and Professional | 15 (7) | 403 (20) | referent | referent | ||
Secondary | 25 (12) | 648 (31) | 1.04 (0.54, 1.99) | 0.9141 | 1.13 (0.57, 2.24) | 0.7364 |
Primary | 113 (55) | 830 (40) | 3.66 (2.11, 6.35) | <.0001 | 2.44 (1.35, 4.41) | 0.003 |
No schooling | 54 (26) | 184 (9) | 7.88 (4.34, 14.34) | <.0001 | 4.24 (2.21, 8.14) | <.0001 |
Number of years worked in agriculture | ||||||
None | 57 (27) | 1212 (59) | referent | referent | ||
>0-4 | 20 (10) | 277 (13) | 1.54 (0.91, 2.6) | 0.1101 | 1.39 (0.80, 2.43) | 0.24 |
5-9 | 18 (9) | 169 (8) | 2.26 (1.30, 3.94) | 0.0038 | 1.70 (0.94, 3.06) | 0.0773 |
10-14 | 28 (13) | 151 (7) | 3.94 (2.43, 6.39) | <.0001 | 2.55 (1.50, 4.32) | 0.0005 |
15+ | 85 (41) | 258 (12) | 7.01 (4.88, 10.06) | <.0001 | 2.91 (1.94, 4.38) | <.0001 |
Number of times drank unregulated alcohol (lija) | ||||||
None | 185 (89) | 1979 (96) | referent | referent | ||
≥1 per week | 23 (11) | 88 (4) | 2.80 (1.73, 4.53) | <.0001 | 1.95 (1.13, 3.38) | 0.0164 |
Number of cigarettes smoked | ||||||
None | 175 (84) | 1800 (87) | referent | referent | ||
≥1 per day | 33 (16) | 267 (13) | 1.27 (0.86, 1.88) | 0.2317 | 0.86 (0.56, 1.35) | 0.5199 |
Daily water consumption‡ | ||||||
0-4 | 34 (16) | 617 (30) | referent | referent | ||
5-8 | 59 (29) | 690 (33) | 1.55 (1.00, 2.40) | 0.0482 | 0.98 (0.61, 1.56) | 0.9201 |
9-12 | 58 (28) | 407 (20) | 2.59 (1.66, 4.02) | <.0001 | 1.62 (1.00, 2.63) | 0.0488 |
13-52 | 56 (27) | 352 (17) | 2.89 (1.85, 4.51) | <.0001 | 1.80 (1.08, 2.98) | 0.0231 |