Foundations and principles of the Canadian living donor paired exchange program

Table 4 Comparison of key elements of KPD national programmes worldwide

Country	Canada	UK	Australia	US	Netherlands
Name of programme	Living Donor Paired Exchange	Paired Living Kidney Donation	Paired Kidney Exchange Programme	Kidney Paired Donation	Living Donor Exchange Programme
Organization responsible	Canadian Blood Services	NHS Blood and Transplant	Organ and Tissue Authority	National program overseen by Organ Procurement and Transplant Network (OPTN) plus multiple independent registries	Dutch Transplant Foundation
Year national program established	2009 [7]	2007 [8]	2010 [9]	2010 [10, 11]	2004 [12]
Type of registry	National	National	National	National registry and smaller independent registries exist	National
Types of exchanges considered	Multi way and domino*	Multi way and domino	Multi way and domino	Multi way and domino	Multi way and domino
Bridge Donors	No	No	No	Yes	No
Desensitization programme in combination with KPD	No	No	Yes [13]	Yes [14]	No

*(Multi way exchanges can be 2 way, 3 way or more type of exchanges between pairs; domino exchanges are triggered by a non-directed altruistic donor which then sets of a series of transplants. When the last donor donates to the patient at the top of the deceased donor pool it is a closed domino; when the last donor does not donate but instead waits to set off another series of domino transplants this is called open domino exchange, and such donors are called bridge donors).

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